➀ The US has imposed export restrictions on semiconductor firms targeting China since 2018, aiming to hinder China's chipmaking ambitions.

➁ Chinese chipmakers are innovating by pushing the limits of technology, such as using multi-patterning and hardware-software fusion.

➂ Huawei's Ascend 910C chip demonstrates the potential for innovation, offering 800 teraflops compared to Nvidia's 2,500 teraflops.

➃ The strategy involves using less advanced technologies like DUV systems to compensate for foreign restrictions.

➄ Concerns remain about the long-term feasibility of this approach due to physical limitations of current technology.

➅ China is also exploring the use of less precise number representations in AI chips to optimize performance.